Introduction Adipose tissue does not only store energy, it also governs the metabolism of cells and tissues around the body by secreting hormones, cytokines, proteins, and microRNA. Adipose tissue is…
Introduction Every organ is composed of a mesenchymal (stroma) and a parenchymal fraction. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures are often focusing on the mimicking of the parenchymal fraction (eg, hepatocytes, enterocytes,…
Introduction The vascular network carries the transportation of materials and nutrients as the fluid delivery mechanism of the human body. Tissue engineering research, therefore, focuses primarily on the forming of…
Introduction Organoids and organs-on-a-chip (vascularized 3d culture) have seen rapid growth in recent years due to their importance in mimicking the shape and operation of human organs. At the moment,…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex biochemical network that includes multiple factors surrounding tumor cells, such as vascular networks, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and a heterogeneous cell population composed…
Perfusion systemsLong-term imaging of cultured cells requires controlled environmental conditions. Continuous perfusion of the medium allows maintaining cells under optimal physiological conditions, with constant nutrient supply and controlled pH environment…
Weak protein-protein interaction in live-cells Weak protein-protein interactions are a common phenomenon inside cells. Besides being well known, it has a crucial impact on cellular homeostasis and metabolism when involving…